11/25/2023 0 Comments Fraunhofer diffraction gratingIn 1811, he constructed a new kind of furnace, and during his second melting session when he melted a large quantity of glass, he found that he could produce flint glass, which, when taken from the bottom of a vessel containing roughly 224 pounds of glass, had the same refractive power as glass taken from the surface. He also invented other grinding and polishing machines and introduced many improvements into the manufacture of the different kinds of glass used for optical instruments, which he always found to have flaws and irregularities of various sorts. Fraunhofer invented the machine which rendered the surface more accurately than conventional grinding. One of the most difficult operations of practical optics during the time period of Fraunhofer's life was accurately polishing the spherical surfaces of large object glasses. Invention and scientific research Fraunhofer demonstrating the spectroscope. His most valuable glassmaking recipes are thought to have gone to the grave with him. Fraunhofer died in 1826 at the age of 39. Like many glassmakers of his era, he was poisoned by heavy metal vapors, resulting in his premature death. The same year, he was also made an honorary citizen of Munich. In 1824, Fraunhofer was appointed a Knight of the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown by King Maximilian I, through which he was raised into personal nobility (with the title "Ritter von", i.e. His illustrious career eventually earned him an honorary doctorate from the University of Erlangen in 1822. Even the likes of Michael Faraday were unable to produce glass that could rival Fraunhofer. Due to the fine optical instruments developed by Fraunhofer, Bavaria overtook England as the center of the optics industry. During 1818, Fraunhofer became the director of the Optical Institute. Guinand would later become a partner with Fraunhofer in the firm, and the name was changed to Utzschneider-und-Fraunhofer. In 1814, Guinand left the firm, as did Reichenbach. By 1809, the mechanical part of the Optical Institute was chiefly under Fraunhofer's direction, and Fraunhofer became one of the members of the firm that same year. It was at the Institute that Fraunhofer met Pierre-Louis Guinand ( de), a Swiss glass technician, who instructed Fraunhofer in glassmaking at Utzschneider's behest. There he discovered how to make fine optical glass and invented precise methods for measuring optical dispersion. In 1806, Utzschneider and Georg von Reichenbach brought Fraunhofer into their Institute at Benediktbeuern, a secularised Benedictine monastery devoted to glassmaking. With the money given to him by the prince upon his rescue and the support he received from Utzschneider, Fraunhofer was able to continue his education alongside his practical training. Joseph Utzschneider, a privy councilor, was also at the site of the disaster, and would also become a benefactor to Fraunhofer. The prince entered Fraunhofer's life, providing him with books and forcing his employer to allow the young Fraunhofer time to study. The rescue operation was led by Prince-Elector Maximilian Joseph. In 1801, the workshop in which he was working collapsed, and he was buried in the rubble. He was orphaned at the age of 11 and started working as an apprentice to a harsh glassmaker named Philipp Anton Weichelsberger. Fröhlich's family also came from a lineage of glassmakers going back to the 16th century. His father and paternal grandfather Johann Michael had been master glassmakers in Straubing. Joseph Fraunhofer was the 11th child, born into a Roman Catholic family in Straubing, in the Electorate of Bavaria, to Franz Xaver Fraunhofer and Maria Anna Fröhlich. The German research organization Fraunhofer Society, which is Europe's biggest Society for the advancement of applied research, is named after him. In 1814, he discovered and studied the dark absorption lines in the spectrum of the sun now known as Fraunhofer lines. He also invented the spectroscope and developed diffraction grating. He made optical glass, an achromatic telescope, and objective lenses. Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer ( / ˈ f r aʊ n ˌ h oʊ f ər/ German: 6 March 1787 – 7 June 1826 ) was a German physicist and optical lens manufacturer.
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